Transaction Search Form: please type in any of the fields below.
Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 3:44 am
Time: 3:44 am
Results for neighborhoods and crime (scotland)
5 results foundAuthor: Norris, Paul Title: Neighbourhood Effects on Youth Delinquency and Drug Use Summary: This report aims to investigate whether the characteristics of residential neighbourhoods exert an influence on two forms of problematic adolescent behaviour, criminal offending and drug use, that is independent of factors relating specifically to the individual. It draws on the findings of the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime (the Edinburgh Study), a longitudinal research programme exploring pathways into and out of offending for a cohort of 4,328 young people, who started secondary school in the City of Edinburgh in 1998. The key findings are as follows: Characteristics of the neighbourhoods in which young people live do play a role in influencing aspects of their delinquent and drug using behaviour, although their impact is relatively weak in comparison to the effect of individual characteristics, such as gender and personality. The neighbourhood factors involved in explaining higher levels of delinquency, cannabis and hard drug use amongst 16 year olds are quite different, which indicates that a different theoretical framework may be needed to understand the contextual effects of areas on different problematic behaviours. Whereas delinquency and hard drug use are partially explained by negative neighbourhood characteristics (such as greater deprivation in the case of delinquency and higher crime rates for hard drug use), more frequent cannabis use is greater within prosperous neighbourhoods but also within areas in which there is greater social disorganisation. The findings support crime control policies based on tackling underlying structural deprivation (such as unemployment and density of local authority housing). However, they also indicate that community-based strategies that take a uniform approach to tackling both crime and drug use are unlikely to be entirely successful due to the different influences of neighbourhood factors. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre for Law and Society, The University of Edinburgh, 2006. 34p. Source: The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime, Report No. 10: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest10.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest10.pdf Shelf Number: 102905 Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Juvenile Offenders (Scotland)Neighborhoods and Crime (Scotland)Substance Abuse (Scotland) |
Author: Norris, Paul Title: The Effect of Neighbourhoods on Adolescent Property Offending Summary: The aim of this report is to examine young people’s involvement in property crime and to assess whether such behaviour can be predicted by neighbourhood characteristics at an early age. A key aspect of this investigation is whether different offending trajectories are influenced to a greater extent by young people’s perceptions of their neighbourhood or by the actual physical and social features of the neighbourhood itself. The report draws upon the findings of the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime and uses a range of data including the self reports of 4,328 young people and various neighbourhood-level data taken from the 2001 census, police records and a survey of community residents. The key findings are as follows: Property crime is fairly uncommon amongst young people, although a small minority are involved from an early age and offend quite persistently. Vandalism is the most common form of property crime, whereas housebreaking and fire-raising are rare. Three distinctive property offender groups were identified: an early onset group who desisted sharply from around age 14; a late onset group who increased their offending from age 13 to 15, before declining only slightly; and a chronic group of offenders who were consistently involved in the highest volume of property crime from age 13 to 17, although they did show a sharp decline in offending from age 15. Neighbourhood characteristics at age 12 do play a part in influencing whether or not a young person starts property offending during early adolescence. Over and above this, young people’s perceptions of their neighbourhood impact on their offending. Young people who perceive their areas to be poorly controlled by the adults who reside there are more likely to start offending early. Those who get involved in chronic property offending are significantly more likely than other young people to live in socially disorganised neighbourhoods, which are characterised by frequent population turnover and a high density of young people. These findings provide support for initiatives which aim to empower communities to deal with offending at the local level by adopting strategies that emphasise a lack of tolerance towards crime and disorder amongst young people and which focus on improving social capital within residential neighbourhoods. Area based initiatives aimed at preventing property crime amongst young people are most likely to be effective if they target adolescents at age 12 or under, whereas those who start offending later appear to be less influenced by neighbourhood conditions. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre for Law and Society, The University of Edinburgh, 2006. 38p. Source: The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime, Report No. 11: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest11.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest11.pdf Shelf Number: 102905 Keywords: Juvenile Offenders (Scotland)Neighborhoods and Crime (Scotland)Property Crime (Scotland)Social Disorganization (Scotland) |
Author: GoWell Title: Who says teenagers are a serious problem? GoWell's findings on householder perceptions of youth related problems in deprived areas of Glasgow Summary: Glasgow, Scotland’s largest city, is receiving significant investment in regeneration aimed at improving and transforming disadvantaged homes, neighbourhoods and communities. GoWell is a research and learning programme that aims to investigate the impact of investment in Glasgow’s regeneration on the health and wellbeing of individuals, families and communities over a ten-year period. In 2006 GoWell researchers surveyed 6,008 adult householders (aged 16 years or over) in 14 relatively deprived Glasgow neighbourhoods to obtain an initial picture of what people thought about their homes, neighbourhoods and communities. One of the findings that stood out was that just over half the householders we spoke to perceived teenagers hanging around the street to be a problem in their local area. It was the kind of finding that could attract headlines – but we know that many people are critical of headlines that encourage negative stereotyping of young people. The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (2008) described a ‘general climate of intolerance and negative public attitudes toward children, especially adolescents’ in the UK. Nonetheless, policies associated with antisocial behaviour often focus on young people: for example the most recent Scottish Government Framework on preventing anti-social behaviour makes over 100 references to young people. We have therefore produced a briefing paper to consider the findings in more detail (this is only the first part of a much larger programme of analysis into the issue). Details: Glasgow, Scotland: GoWell, 2010. 12p. Source: Briefing Paper 8: Internet Resource: Accessed September 20, 2012 at http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=145&Itemid=67 Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=145&Itemid=67 Shelf Number: 126381 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (Scotland)Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Neighborhoods and Crime (Scotland)Public Opinion (Scotland) |
Author: GoWell Title: Young people's experience of intolerance, antisocial behaviour and keeping safe in disadvantaged areas of Glasgow Summary: The view that intolerance towards young people is rife in the UK has been widely advanced. UK surveys show that a substantial minority of adults describe teenagers as a serious problem in their local area. The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child recently singled out the UK for its ‘general climate of intolerance and negative public attitudes towards children, especially adolescents’. In this paper, we explore young people’s own perspectives on intolerance and antisocial behaviour (ASB) using interviews and focus groups involving young residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Glasgow. We found evidence that young people believed they were the object of conscious and unconscious stereotyping by adults. In addition, young people held negative perceptions of other young people in their neighbourhood and used similar stereotypes to the adults in the neighbourhood. We also found evidence of young people experiencing ASB and taking steps to secure their own safety within the neighbourhood. We conclude that while young people may be the object of adult intolerance, they are also actively developing their own social attitudes about their peers and community that at times appear unsafe to them. Therefore, policy and practice in this area need to reflect two broad interpretations of young people’s ASB: one that emphasises the involvement of young people in such behaviour and another that focuses on negative attitudes towards young people. Details: Glasgow, Scotland: GoWell, 2011. 12p. Source: Briefing Paper 16: Internet Resource: Accessed September 20, 2012 at http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=215&Itemid=218 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=215&Itemid=218 Shelf Number: 126383 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (Scotland)Disadvantaged Neighborhoods (Scotland)Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Neighborhoods and Crime (Scotland)Public Opinion (Scotland) |
Author: Kearns, Ade Title: SHARP Survey Findings: Social and Community Outcomes Summary: 1. The Scottish Health, Housing and Regeneration (SHARP) study is a longitudinal study of the health and social effects on tenants of moving into new-build socially rented housing. The primary aim was to investigate the impacts of being rehoused in new-build socially-rented property on housing conditions, neighbourhood and social outcomes, and the health and well-being of tenants. 2. Three waves of household surveys were conducted. Waves 1 and 3 involved face-to- face interviews with 334 households who had been rehoused (the Intervention Group) and 389 households who were not rehoused (the Control Group)1. Wave 2 was a postal survey involving only the Intervention Group. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with a small number of those people rehoused. The findings of the survey analysis are presented in a number of separate reports. This report presents the results relating to social and community outcomes. 3. Rehousing per se did not prompt an increase in the rate of usage of local amenities, which fell over time in both study groups. Relocation to a different neighbourhood appeared to stimulate local engagement since among this sub-group, the mean number of local optional amenities identified increased over time, and the mean number of local participations also increased compared to a reduction among those who were rehoused in the same area. On the other hand, moving from a flat to a house and acquiring a garden were associated with reductions in local participation, suggesting that such moves might result in changes in attitude to the local community, with less desire or need for forms of organised local engagement. 4. Rehousing did not impact negatively upon people’s social networks or sources of social support. There were no differences at Wave 3, or in terms of change over time, between the Intervention and Control Groups either in the size of their social networks, nor the range of forms of recent social contact. Furthermore, at both points in time, the majority of those rehoused would have recourse to local sources of social support in most situations. Neighbouring behaviours however increased over time in the Intervention Group compared with little or no change in the Control Group. Those rehoused were more likely by Wave 3 to engage in neighbouring behaviours than members of the Control Group, particularly to visit their neighbours homes; engagement with neighbours seems to be stimulated by rehousing in new developments. Moving neighbourhood as part of rehousing had no negative impacts upon social relations for the Intervention Group and may in fact have had a slight stimulating effect upon neighbouring behaviours. 5. Sense of community including belonging, cohesion and empowerment increased significantly over time. Thus, rehousing itself did not impact negatively on people’s sense of community: they either maintained or quickly developed their sense of community after moving house. Moving neighbourhood (relocation) had no effect upon the average change over time in sense of community. However, we cannot tell how many people had a prior familiarity with the neighbourhood they moved to, although the qualitative research indicates that quite a few ‘relocators’ moved to an area which they had prior experience of. 6. Sense of safety and of informal social control (collective efficacy) increased over time among the Intervention Group: safety rose by a fifth and collective efficacy by a tenth, although safety was lower to start with and still lower than collective efficacy by Wave 3. Whether or not people had moved neighbourhood made no difference to these outcomes. People moving out of flats gained more in terms of safety and collective efficacy than those moving out of houses, particularly if they moved into a house. However, informal social control had similarly risen in the Control Group; thus, we cannot say that rehousing itself boosted people’s sense of informal social control. However, we are able to say that moving house and moving neighbourhood had no detrimental effect upon people’s sense of safety and of informal social control, both of which improved despite moving, and possibly partly because of it. 7. Some aspects of community were rated higher in Social Inclusion Partnership (SIP) areas at Wave 1 (participation, belonging and empowerment) and other aspects were rated lower in SIP areas (safety, collective efficacy and cohesion). In relation to 2 aspects of community, change over time was significantly different in SIP areas than elsewhere: participation in organisations and clubs fell in SIP areas over time, compared to an increase elsewhere; whilst people’s sense of community cohesion (perceived trust, harmony and reciprocity among neighbours) increased three-fold in SIP areas compared to elsewhere. This latter finding may be related to the fact that across the entire Intervention Group, we found positive trends of association between identified neighbourhood improvements and people’s sense of cohesion, safety and collective efficacy. 8. Moving house and moving neighbourhood to some degree stimulate local engagement with neighbours and with local groups, so that the policy emphasis upon residential stability has to be tempered with the realisation that a degree of mobility within and between communities can have beneficial outcomes. However, it would be worth investigating whether these effects hold true for rehousing into existing housing as well as into newly built housing. 9. Privacy and quiet at home are important for individual well-being but also for perceptions of the community. Therefore, we would recommend a more comprehensive assessment of these outcomes across Scottish communities and an evaluation of the sufficiency of housing and neighbourhood management in this regard. Lastly, we would encourage further consideration of localised governance structures that give communities more involvement and influence over local area improvements and services, since these things are positively associated with people’s sense of security and community. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2008. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 7, 2013 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/249200/0071708.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/249200/0071708.pdf Shelf Number: 129006 Keywords: Fear of CrimeHousingNeighborhood SafetyNeighborhoods and Crime (Scotland) |